Choose one multisystem dysfunction. Describe pathophysiological changes, abnormal findings, and symptoms of the chosen dysfunction. How does it affect the patient’s activities of daily living?
Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.
Multisystem Dysfunction: Sepsis
Sepsis is a life-threatening multisystem dysfunction that arises when the body’s response to infection causes widespread inflammation, leading to organ dysfunction. The pathophysiological changes in sepsis begin with an initial infection that triggers a systemic inflammatory response. This response releases pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukins, and other mediators, which increase capillary permeability and vasodilation. These changes can result in hypotension, tissue hypoperfusion, and ultimately, multiple organ failure if not treated promptly (Angus & van der Poll, 2013).
Abnormal findings in patients with sepsis may include elevated or decreased white blood cell counts, elevated lactate levels, hypotension, tachycardia, fever or hypothermia, and altered mental status. Organ dysfunction is evident through laboratory abnormalities such as elevated creatinine (renal failure), elevated bilirubin (liver dysfunction), and hypoxemia (respiratory failure). Symptoms often include confusion, shortness of breath, decreased urine output, chills, and extreme pain or discomfort.
Sepsis significantly impacts a patient’s activities of daily living (ADLs). Survivors often experience long-term physical and cognitive impairments due to prolonged ICU stays and organ damage. Common sequelae include chronic fatigue, muscle weakness, memory issues, and difficulty concentrating, which hinder independence in tasks such as bathing, dressing, mobility, and managing medications (Prescott & Angus, 2018). Early recognition and treatment are critical to improving outcomes and reducing long-term disability.
References:
Angus, D. C., & van der Poll, T. (2013). Severe sepsis and septic shock. New England Journal of Medicine, 369(9), 840-851. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1208623
Prescott, H. C., & Angus, D. C. (2018). Enhancing recovery from sepsis: A review. JAMA, 319(1), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.17687
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